【APExBIO –抗生素化合物系列產品】Rapamycin、Romidepsi、Daptomycin 、 Pirarubicin、 Tunicamycin、 Nystatin
Rapamycin)| Romidepsin (FK228, depsipeptide) | Daptomycin | G-418
APExBIO –抗生素化合物系列產品 amphipathic polyene antibiotic
兩性黴素 B (Amphotericin B) | CAS# 1397-89-3 APExBIO貨號B1885

兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B) 是一種多烯類抗真菌抗生素(polyene antifungal antibiotic),由結節鏈黴菌菌株(Streptomyces nodosus)生產,IC50 為 0.028–0.290 μg/ml。體外試驗:兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B) 是治療許多危及生命的真菌感染(fungal infections)最有效的藥物。在表達 TLR2 和 CD14 的細胞中,兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B) 誘導信號轉導(signal transduction)和炎性細胞因子釋放(inflammatory cytokine release)。在表達 TLR2、CD14 和銜接蛋白 MyD88 的原代鼠巨噬細胞(primary murine macrophages)和人類細胞株中,兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B)誘導 NF-κB 依賴性報告基因活性和細胞因子釋放,而缺乏任何這些的細胞都沒有反應。與表達正常 TLR4 的細胞相比,具有 TLR4 突變的細胞對兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B)刺激的反應較弱 [1]。

兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B) 可與膽固醇(cholesterol)(哺乳動物細胞膜的主要甾醇)相互作用,因此由於其相對較高的毒性而限制了兩性黴素 B(Amphotericin B) 的用途 [2]。低 AmB 濃度 (≤ 0.1 μM) 在懸浮在等滲蔗糖溶液中的 KCl 負載脂質體中誘導極化電位,表明 K+ leakage。 AmB (> 0.1 μM) 允許陽離子和陰離子運動。懸浮在等滲 NaCl 溶液中並暴露於 AmB (0.05 μM) 的 LP 表現出幾乎完全的負膜電位collapse,表明 Na+ 進入了細胞 [3]。

References:
[1]. Sau K1,Mambula SS,Latz E,Henneke P,Golenbock DT,Levitz SM.The antifungal drug amphotericin B promotes inflammatory cytokine release by a Toll-like receptor- and CD14-dependent mechanism.J Biol Chem.2003 Sep 26;278(39):37561-8. Epub 2003 Jul 14.
[2]. Demaimay R1,Adjou K,Lasmézas C,Lazarini F,Cherifi K,Seman M,Deslys JP,Dormont D.Pharmacological studies of a new derivative of amphotericin B, MS-8209, in mouse and hamster scrapie.J Gen Virol.1994 Sep;75 ( Pt 9):2499-503.
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 924.08 |
| Cas No. | 1397-89-3 |
| Formula | C47H73NO17 |
| Solubility | ≥46.2 mg/mL in DMSO; insoluble in EtOH; insoluble in H2O |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(C[C@@H](C[C@@H](CC[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)O)O)O[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O2)C[C@@H]([C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)C3)OC3(O)C[C@H](C1)O |
| Shipping Condition | Ship with blue ice, or upon other requests. |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility, please warm the tube at 37°C and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |

APExBIO提供優質的胜肽和生物分析試劑,廣泛產品線如Protease、Chromatin/Epigenetics表觀遺傳學、MAPK Signal、DNA Damege/DNA repair、細胞凋亡、腫瘤生物學、Stem cell等研究領域, 還提供定制的服務,包括多肽合成,抗體的生產和檢測的發展。產品線DNA/RNA prep kit、Drug Screening panel、Bioactive peptides、Growth factors、Biotinylation Reagents、tag peptides、amino Acids、Growth factors等。APExBIO產品質量都伴隨著證書的分析,高效液相色譜,質譜,和HMNR數據。
衣黴素 (Tunicamycin) | CAS#11089-65-9 APExBIO貨號B7417
antibiotic,inhibits GlcNAc phosphotransferase (GPT)
衣黴素(Tunicamycin)TCM 或 TM)[1] [2] 是一種抗生素。在糖蛋白合成的第一步,它可以阻斷UDP-N-乙醯氨基葡萄糖(UDP-N-acetylglucosamine)與磷酸多甘醇(dolichol phosphate之)間的反應,從而抑制所有N-連接糖蛋白(N-linked glycoproteins)的合成,最終引起內質網(endoplasmic reticulum, ER)應激[3]。在枯草芽孢桿菌細胞(Bacillus subtilis cells)中,中藥抑制多里奇基焦磷酸 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖 (Dol-p-p-GlcNAc) 形成的 IC50 為 0.03 μg/ml [2]。
ER 應激反應(ER stress response)是對細胞代謝應激(cellular metabolic stress)和錯誤折疊蛋白(misfolded proteins)的一種有效的、進化上保守的反應。內質網應激是由內質網功能的破壞引起的,例如轉運到高爾基複合體(Golgi complex)或蛋白質糖基化(protein glycosylation),或內質網腔環境的紊亂,例如氧化還原狀態或鈣穩態(calcium homeostasis)的改變 [3]。

在 RAW264.7 細胞中,衣黴素(Tunicamycin)顯著降低 LPS 誘導的亞硝酸鹽釋放/產生,並減弱 mRNA 的表達,從而減弱 COX-2 和 iNOS 的蛋白質。此外,濃度為 0.5 μg/ml 的衣黴素(Tunicamycin)對細胞存活/增殖沒有任何影響,但在 48 小時衣黴素(Tunicamycin)提供了針對活化誘導的巨噬細胞死亡的保護作用。衣黴素(Tunicamycin)以濃度依賴性方式降低了響應 LPS 的 COX-2 和 iNOS 蛋白表達,並誘導 78-kDa 葡萄糖調節蛋白 (GRP78) 的同時增加,這是一種 ER 伴侶 [3]。在野生型小鼠的小腸中,衣黴素(Tunicamycin)將抑制的 1370 探針和 1291 探針的表達水平提高了 2 倍以上。在 Nrf 2 (-/-) 小鼠的小腸中,衣黴素抑制 2024 個探針並誘導 3471 個探針超過 2 倍。與小腸樣本的結果相比,在野生型小鼠肝臟中,不太明確的基因被衣黴素(Tunicamycin)抑制 (943) 或升高 (750) >2 倍;而在 Nrf2 (-/-) 小鼠肝臟中,3170 個基因被抑制或 39 個明確定義的基因被誘導 [1]。


| Physical Appearance | A crystalline solid |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 844.95 |
| Cas No. | 11089-65-9 |
| Formula | C39H64N4O16 (tunicamycin C, n=10) |
| Solubility | ≥25 mg/mL in DMSO |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Shipping Condition | Ship with blue ice, or upon other requests. |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility, please warm the tube at 37°C and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |

泛艾霉素 (Pirarubicin) | CAS#72496-41-4 APExBIO貨號B2295

泛艾霉素(Tunicamycin) Pirarubicin is an analogue of the anthracycline anti-neoplastic doxorubicin. Intercalates into DNA and interacts with Topo II (topoisomerase II) and supressing DNA replication. Pirarubicin is an inhibitor of Topo II. 泛艾霉素(Tunicamycin)是蒽環類(anthracycline)抗腫瘤多柔比星(anti-neoplastic doxorubicin)的類似物。 嵌入 DNA 並與 Topo II(拓撲異構酶 II)相互作用並抑制 DNA 複製(supressing DNA replication)。 Pirarubicin 是 Topo II 的抑制劑。

- Krai Daowtak,Suchart Kothan,et al. “In vitro evaluation of P-glycoprotein functions in human neuroblastoma cell lines.” Journal of Associated Medical Sciences.Vol 51 No 2 (2018): May-August.
| Physical Appearance | A solid |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 627.64 |
| Cas No. | 72496-41-4 |
| Formula | C32H37NO12 |
| Solubility | insoluble in H2O; insoluble in EtOH; ≥7.65 mg/mL in DMSO |
| Chemical Name | 7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1C(C(CC(O1)OC2CC(CC3=C(C4=C(C(=C23)O)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C=CC=C5OC)O)(C(=O)CO)O)N)OC6CCCCO6 |
| Shipping Condition | Ship with blue ice, or upon other requests. |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility, please warm the tube at 37°C and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |
Nystatin (Fungicidin) | CAS#1400-61-9 APExBIO貨號B1993
antifungal antibiotic

制黴菌素(Fungicidin)是一種多烯類抗真菌抗生素(polyene antifungal antibiotic[ 1]。抗真菌抗生素(Antifungal antibiotic)是一種用於治療和預防真菌病的藥物殺菌劑。制黴菌素是一種多烯類抗真菌抗生素(polyene antifungal antibiotic,) 對酵母菌和支原體(mycoplasma)有效[1]。 在液體培養基中,制黴菌素以 5-20 U/ml [2] 的濃度抑制白色念珠菌(C. albicans)。在200個臨床分離株中,包括113個白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、54個光滑念珠菌(Candida glabrata)、11個近平滑念珠菌(Candida parapsilosis)、11個熱帶念珠菌(Candida tropicalis)和11個克氏念珠菌(Candida krusei)。 制黴菌素對白色念珠菌分離株和所有測試的非白色念珠菌的 MIC90 值為 4 mg/L。 結果證實,白色念珠菌最常易感,制黴菌素(Fungicidin)可用於治療由非白色念珠菌引起的外陰陰道念珠菌病。制黴菌素(Fungicidin)將是受非白色念珠菌感染的女性的重要選擇,這些念珠菌對基於咪唑(imidazole-based)的治療具有更高的抗性 [3]。
- Wei P, Ning M, et al. “Spiroplasma eriocheiris entered Drosophila Schneider 2 cells and relied on clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis.” Infect Immun. 2019 Aug 26. pii: IAI.00233-19.PMID:31451616
- Wang H, Liu W, et al. “Inhibitor analysis revealed that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is involed in cellular entry of type III grass carp reovirus.” Virol J. 2018 May 24;15(1):92.PMID:29793525

| Physical Appearance | A solid |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| M.Wt | 926.09 |
| Cas No. | 1400-61-9 |
| Formula | C47H75NO17 |
| Solubility | ≥30.45 mg/mL in DMSO; insoluble in EtOH; insoluble in H2O |
| Chemical Name | (4E,6E,8E,10E,14E,16E,18S,19R,20R,21S,35S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19,25,27,29,32,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10,14,16-hexaene-38-carboxylic acid |
| SDF | Download SDF |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1C=CC=CCCC=CC=CC=CC=CC(CC2C(C(CC(O2)(CC(C(CCC(CC(CC(CC(=O)OC(C(C1O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C(=O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)C)O)N)O |
| Shipping Condition | Ship with blue ice, or upon other requests. |
| General tips | For obtaining a higher solubility, please warm the tube at 37°C and shake it in the ultrasonic bath for a while. We do not recommend long-term storage for the solution, please use it up soon. |
| 品項 | CAS# | #貨號 | 應用 |
| Z-VAD-FMK | CAS# 187389-52-2 | 貨號 A1902 |
Proteases ICE-like proteases |
| TAPI-1 | CAS#171235-71-5 | 貨號 B4686 |
Proteases TACE/ADAM17 inhibitor Product Citation+3 |
| Talabostat mesylate | CAS# 150080-09-4 | 貨號B3941 |
Proteases DPP4 二肽基肽酶特異性抑制劑 |
| Z-IETD-FMK | CAS# 210344-98-2 | 貨號B3232 | inhibitor of caspase 8 |
| Cisplatin | CAS# 15663-27-1 | 貨號A8321 | 高效、廣譜的化療藥物 |
| 17-DMAG (Alvespimycin) HCl | CAS#467214-21-7 | 貨號A2213 | Hsp90 inhibitor |
| CA-074 Me | CAS# 147859-80-1 | 貨號A8239 | Cathepsin B inhibitor |
| VX-765 | CAS# 273404-37-8 | 貨號A8238 | Caspase-1 inhibitor |
