細胞激素(Cytokines)-Mouse GM-CSF protein重組蛋白

細胞激素（Cytokine , CK）是由免疫細胞（如單核細胞、巨噬細胞、T細胞、B細胞、NK細胞等）和一些非免疫細胞合成和分泌的一類具有廣泛生物活性的小分子多肽或糖蛋白。內皮細胞、表皮細胞、纖維母細胞等）受到刺激後。細胞激素可以介導細胞間的相互作用，具有多種生物學功能，如調節細胞生長、分化和成熟、功能維持、調節免疫反應、參與發炎、傷口癒合和腫瘤生長和衰退等。細胞激素(Cytokines)是一類獨特的細胞訊號傳導分子，在細胞增殖和發育中扮演重要角色。Abbkine 提供細胞因子，包括白血球介素( interleukin)、趨化因子(chemokines)、集落刺激因子(colony-stimulating factors, CSF)、干擾素(interferon)以及轉化生長因子(transforming growth factor , TGF) 和腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor , TNF) 家族，用於癌症(cancer)、細胞凋亡(apoptosis)、內分泌學(endocrinology)、免疫學(immunology)、神經科學(neuroscience)、蛋白酶(proteases)、和幹細胞研究。這些細胞激素經過全程品質管制，品質嚴格驗證，可以滿足科學家對高品質、純度高、內毒素含量低、高生物活性和有競爭力的價格的需求。 由非動物原料和表現系統生產，其中培養基不含血清、動物成分且化學成分明確。以 LAL 方法測定，每 μg 蛋白質 <1 EU。<1 EU per μg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.

• LAL法每微克蛋白質內毒素含量<1.0 EU；
• 純度>95%，每種細胞激素均配有1 mL配套解析Buffer，解析後產品性能穩定；凍乾粉包裝，安全放心。
• 外包裝採用無熱源、無內毒素EP管，消除包裝內毒素干擾。

Mouse GM-CSF protein重組蛋白 | 貨號PRP100489

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of an array of cytokines with pivotal roles in embryo implantation and subsequent development. Several cell lineages in the reproductive tract and gestational tissues synthesise GM-CSF under direction by ovarian steroid hormones and signalling agents originating in male seminal fluid and the conceptus. The pre-implantation embryo, invading placental trophoblast cells and the abundant populations of leukocytes controlling maternal immune tolerance are all subject to GM-CSF regulation. GM-CSF stimulates the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors to monocytes and neutrophils, and reduces the risk for febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. GM-CSF also has been shown to induce the differentiation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) that promote the development of T-helper type 1 (cellular) immune responses in cognate T cells. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer, and the encoding gene is localized to a related gene cluster at chromosome region 5q31 which is known to be associated with 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has been utilized in the clinical management of multiple disease processes. Most recently, GM-CSF has been incorporated into the treatment of malignancies as a sole therapy, as well as a vaccine adjuvant. While the benefits of GM-CSF in this arena have been promising, recent reports have suggested the potential for GM-CSF to induce immune suppression and, thus, negatively impact outcomes in the management of cancer patients. GM-CSF deficiency in pregnancy adversely impacts fetal and placental development, as well as progeny viability and growth after birth, highlighting this cytokine as a central maternal determinant of pregnancy outcome with clinical relevance in human fertility.

粒細胞巨噬細胞集落刺激因子 (GM-CSF) 是一系列細胞因子中的一種，在胚胎植入和後續發育中發揮關鍵作用。生殖道和懷孕組織中的幾種細胞譜系在源自男性精液和孕體的卵巢類固醇激素和信號劑的指導下合成 GM-CSF。植入前的胚胎、侵入的胎盤滋養層細胞和控制母體免疫耐受的大量白血球都受到 GM-CSF 的調節。 GM-CSF 刺激造血祖細胞分化為單核細胞和嗜中性球，並降低癌症患者發燒性嗜中性白血球減少症的風險。 GM-CSF 也被證明可以誘導髓樣樹突狀細胞 (DC) 的分化，從而促進同源 T 細胞中 T 輔助細胞 1 型（細胞）免疫反應的發展。此蛋白的活性形式在細胞外以同型二聚體形式存在，編碼基因位於染色體 5q31 區域的相關基因簇，已知該區域與 5q 症候群和急性髓性白血病有關。作為免疫/發炎級聯的一部分，GM-CSF 促進 Th1 偏向免疫反應、血管生成、過敏性發炎和自體免疫的發展，因此值得考慮作為治療標靶。 GM-CSF 已用於多種疾病過程的臨床管理。最近，GM-CSF 已作為單一療法以及疫苗佐劑被納入惡性腫瘤的治療中。雖然 GM-CSF 在這一領域的好處一直很有希望，但最近的報告表明 GM-CSF 有可能誘導免疫抑制，從而對癌症患者的治療結果產生負面影響。妊娠期 GM-CSF 缺乏會對胎兒和胎盤發育以及後代活力和出生後生長產生不利影響，這凸顯了這種細胞因子是妊娠結局的核心母體決定因素，與人類生育能力具有臨床相關性。

產品介紹: 粒細胞巨噬細胞集落刺激因子 (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) 重組蛋白。產品名稱 小鼠 GM-CSF 蛋白 免疫原 PRP100489 順序 表達源自小鼠CSF2 (NP_034099.2) (Met1-Lys141)的胺基酸序列。 活動 使用 FDC-P1 細胞進行細胞增殖測定。此效應的 ED50 通常為 0.012-0.047 ng/mL。此效應的 ED50 通常為 0.012-0.047 ng/mL。 蛋白質長度 重組小鼠 CSF2 由 124 個胺基酸組成，預計分子量為 14.1 KDa。在還原條件下，它在 SDS-PAGE 中遷移為大約 20.7 KDa 條帶。 製備方法 HEK293細胞 純度 > 95 %（以 SDS-PAGE 測定） 選擇 Csfgm; GM-CSf； GMCSF；華大智造-IGM；粒細胞-巨噬細胞集落刺激因子；腦脊髓液2 公式 從無菌 PBS 中凍乾，pH 7.4。 分子量 14.1 kDa。收到貨品打開前務必先離心管。建議以 12,000 rpm 離心 1 分鐘。建議使用我們提供的不少於100 µg/mL的緩衝液，重建冷凍乾燥FGF21蛋白，然後可以進一步稀釋到其他水溶液中。

Publications

Product name	Mouse GM-CSF protein
Immunogen	PRP100489
Sequence	Amino acid sequence derived from mouse CSF2 (NP_034099.2) (Met1-Lys141) was expressed.
Activity	Measured in a cell proliferation assay using FDC-P1 cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.012-0.047 ng/mL. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.012-0.047 ng/mL.
Protein length	The recombinant mouse CSF2 consists of 124 amino acids and predicts a molecular mass of 14.1 KDa. It migrates as an approximately 20.7 KDa band in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.
Preparation method	HEK293 Cells
Purity	> 95 % as determined by SDS-PAGE
Alternative	Csfgm; Gm-CSf; GMCSF; MGI-IGM; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; CSF2
Formulation	Lyophilized from sterile PBS, pH 7.4.
Molecular weight	14.1 kDa
Usage notes	Always centrifuge tubes before opening. It is recommended to reconstitute the lyophilized Mouse GM-CSF protein in sterile ddH2O not less than 100µg/ml, which can then be further diluted to other aqueous solutions.
Storage instructions	Lyophilized Mouse GM-CSF proteinshould be stored desiccated below -20°C. Upon reconstitution, the protein should be stored at 4°C between 2-7 days and for future use below -20°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.90% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.
Shipping	The product is shipped at ambient temperature.
Precautions	The product listed herein is for research use only and is not intended for use in human or clinical diagnosis. Suggested applications of our products are not recommendations to use our products in violation of any patent or as a license. We cannot be responsible for patent infringements or other violations that may occur with the use of this product.

FGF21 是纖維母細胞生長因子 (FGF) 家族的成員。此家族的蛋白具有廣泛的促有絲分裂和細胞存活活性，參與多種生物過程，如血管生成、傷口癒合、神經發育、腫瘤發生和發展等。大多數 FGF（FGF3-8、10、15、17-19、21-23）在 N 端具有典型的訊號序列分泌蛋白。其中，纖維母細胞生長因子21（FGF 21）在肝臟中特異性表達，透過脂肪組織和胰臟範圍降低血糖和三酸甘油酯。胰高血糖素可改善胰島 B 細胞的功能，進而預防飲食引起的肥胖和胰島素抗性。此外，FGF21也被證明是一種主要的血清素內源性調節因子，在禁食和酮症中發揮關鍵作用。

Annexin V是一種鈣離子依賴性磷脂結合蛋白，分子量為35~36KDa，能以高親和力與磷脂醯絲胺酸PS特異性結合。在正常細胞中，磷脂醯絲胺酸僅分佈在細胞膜脂質雙層的內側。在細胞凋亡的早期，膜上的磷脂醯絲胺酸（PS）從脂膜的內側轉向外側。作為一種磷脂結合蛋白，Annexin V 與磷脂醯絲胺酸具有高親和力。它透過暴露在細胞外部的磷脂酰絲氨酸與細胞凋亡早期的細胞膜結合。因此，Annexin V是檢測早期細胞凋亡的敏感指標。

腫瘤壞死因子配體超家族成員11，又稱為核因子受體活化劑kappa-B配體、骨保護素配體、TNFSF11、RANKL、TRANCE、OPGL和CD254，在多種細胞中表達，包括成骨細胞、纖維母細胞、活化的T細胞和骨髓基質細胞可以與誘餌受體 OPG 相互作用。TNFSF11參與許多基本生物學過程，例如調節T細胞和樹突狀細胞之間的相互作用、調節T細胞依賴性免疫反應以及增強惡性腫瘤體液高鈣血症中的骨吸收。TNFSF11也增強了樹突細胞刺激初始T細胞增生的能力。

ABBKINE產品貨號	重組蛋白	蛋白製備來源
PRP1012	Human IL-6 protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1013	Human TNF-α protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1010	Human bFGF protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1011	Mouse bFGF protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1014	Human IFN-γ protein重組蛋白, His Tag	E. coli
PRP1015	Mouse IFN-γ protein重組蛋白, His Tag	E. coli
PRP1016	Human GM-CSF protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1018	Human IL-33 protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1118	Mouse IL-33 protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1019	Human IL-1β protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1119	Mouse IL-1β protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1020	Human MCP2 protein重組蛋白, SUMO tag	E. coli
PRP1113	Mouse TNF-α protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP2016	Human GM-CSF 重組蛋白（非動物源）	HEK293 Cells
PRP2117	Mouse IL-4 重組蛋白（非動物源）	HEK293 Cells
PRP1025	Human IL-2 重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1126	Mouse LIF 重組蛋白, C-His tag	E. coli
PRP1027	Human IL-36α protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1219	Rat IL-1β protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1028	Human TRAIL protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP2024	Human CD155/PVR protein重組蛋白, His 標籤(無動物源)	HEK293 Cells
PRP2023	Human CD86/B7-2 重組蛋白，His 標籤(無動物源)	HEK293 Cells
PRP2022	Human CD24 重組蛋白，hFc 標籤（無動物源）	HEK293 Cells
PRP2021	Human CD274/PD-L1 重組蛋白，His 標籤（無動物源）	HEK293 Cells
PRP2112	Mouse IL-6 重組蛋白，His 標籤（無動物源）	HEK293 Cells
PRP1036	Human VEGF121 protein重組蛋白	HEK293 Cells
PRP100008	Human aFGF protein	E. coli
PRP100018	Human IL-12β protein, Fc Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP1035	Human BAFF Protein重組蛋白	HEK293 Cells
PRP100033	Human IL-8 protein (aa 23-99)	HEK293 Cells
PRP100039	Human IL-18 protein	E. coli
PRP100048	Human IL-1α protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100050	Human IL-1β protein (pro form), His Tag	E. coli
PRP100051	Human IL-1β protein	E. coli
PRP1059	Human Noggin Protein重組蛋白	HEK293 Cells
PRP100078	Human TNF-β protein	E. coli
PRP100087	Human FLT3L protein, His Tag	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
PRP100103	Human IL-15 protein, His Tag	E. coli
PRP100104	Human IL-15 protein	E. coli
PRP100108	Human IL-13 protein重組蛋白	CHO Stable Cells
PRP100110	Human Thrombopoietin protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100126	Human BMP-2 protein	E. coli
PRP110126	Mouse BMP-2 protein	E. coli
PRP120126	Rat BMP-2 protein	E. coli
PRP100127	Human SCF (aa 1-189) protein, His Tag	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
PRP100139	Human VEGF-C protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100142	Human GDNF protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100151	Human Sclerostin protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100153	Human IGF1 protein	E. coli
PRP100159	Human EGF protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP100183	Human IFN-β protein	CHO Stable Cells
PRP100184	Human IL-35 (IL-12A & IL-27B) protein, Fc Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100185	Human CXCL10 protein	E. coli
PRP100188	Human Latent TGF-β1 protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100190	Human TGF-β1 protein重組蛋白	CHO Stable Cells
PRP100221	Human FGF21 protein, His Tag	E. coli
PRP100227	Human IL-10 protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100228	Human IL-10 protein	E. coli
PRP100239	Human VEGF165 protein	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
PRP100240	Human VEGF165 protein重組蛋白	HEK293 Cells
PRP100253	Human IL-31 protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100260	Human RANKL protein, Fc Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100262	Human RANKL protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100263	Human IFN-γ protein重組蛋白	CHO Stable Cells
PRP100265	Human M-CSF protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100268	Human M-CSF protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100272	Human IL-9 protein, His Tag	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
PRP100273	Human IL-4 protein	E. coli
PRP100287	Human IL-17 protein, His Tag	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
PRP100288	Human IL-17 protein, His Tag	Yeast
PRP100289	Human IL-17 protein	E. coli
PRP100290	Human IL-17 protein	CHO Stable Cells
PRP100298	Human FGF19 protein	E. coli
PRP100299	Human IL-24 protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100308	Human IL-22 protein	E. coli
PRP100327	Human IFN-α2 protein	Yeast
PRP100333	Human IL-5 protein	E. coli
PRP100371	Mouse IL-6 protein	E. coli
PRP100372	Mouse IL-21 protein	E. coli
PRP100386	Mouse VEGF164 protein	Baculovirus-Insect Cells
PRP100398	Mouse IL-13 protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100408	Mouse RANKL protein, Fc Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100415	Mouse FGF21 protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100449	Mouse Adiponectin protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100489	Mouse GM-CSF protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100491	Mouse IL-17 protein	E. coli
PRP100498	Mouse IL-4 protein	E. coli
PRP100503	Mouse M-CSF protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100618	Rat TGF-β1 protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP110618	Mouse TGF-β1 protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP100705	Human IL-12 (IL-12A & IL-12B) protein, His Tag	HEK293 Cells
PRP100730	Human Leptin protein	E. coli
PRP1001	Human FGF1/FGF acidic protein酸性蛋白	E. coli
PRP1017	Mouse TGF-β1 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK293 Cells
PRP1210	Rat bFGF protein	E. coli
PRP2025	Human CD20 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK293 Cells
PRP2026	Human CD22/SIGLEC-2 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK293 Cells
PRP2027	Human CD38 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK293 Cells
PRP2028	Human CD80/B7-1 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK293 Cells
PRP1002	Human CNTF protein	E. coli
PRP1029	Human IL-36γ protein	E. coli
PRP1213	Rat TNF-α protein	E. coli
PRP2029	Human CD3E protein, Fc tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2030	Human CD19 protein, Fc tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2031	Human CD28 protein, Fc tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2032	Human CD33/Siglec-3 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2033	Human CD7/GP40 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK293 Cells
PRP2034	Human CD30/TNFRSF8 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2035	Human CD40/TNFRSF5 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2036	Human CD73/NT5E protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2037	Human CD84/SLAMF5 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2038	Human CD226/DNAM-1 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2015	Human IL-3 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP2114	Mouse IL-13 protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP1021	Human IL-1α/IL1A Protein重組蛋白	E.coli
PRP2039	Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD Protein, His tag (Animal-Free)	HEK 293 Cells
PRP1114	Mouse RANKL protein	E. coli
PRP1211	Rat EGF protein	E. coli
PRP1022	Human IL-8 protein	E. coli
PRP1023	Human IL-18 protein	E. coli
PRP1214	Rat IFN-γ protein	E. coli
PRP1024	Human TGF-α protein	E. coli
PRP2041	Human Transferrin protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP2017	Human IL-4 protein	HEK293 Cells
PRP2116	Mouse GM-CSF protein重組蛋白	HEK293 Cells
PRP1030	Human FGF21 protein重組蛋白	E. coli
PRP1031	Human sRANKL 重組蛋白	E. coli