Biovision 提供一系列，loading control抗體系列商品；針對 GAPDH、α-tubulin、α-actin、β-actin 等單/多株內控抗體，可做為Standardize/Normalize的依據。

Beta-Actin單株抗體 | GAPDH多株抗體 | Tubulin多株抗體 | VDAC/Porin多株抗體 | Histone H3多株抗體

GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) loading control多株抗體 | GAPDH Antibody | 3777R-100

細胞質標誌 ( Cytoplasmic marker ) 在大部分細胞及組織中穩定且持續高度表現.免疫原為合成之 GADPH (胺基317)胜肽、反應物種human, mouse, rat，可應用於Western blot試驗。

物種來源: Rabbit 多株抗體Polyclonal 同型對照組Isotype: Rabbit IgG

免疫來源 Synthetic peptide surrounding amino acid 317of rat GADPH

物種反應: human, mouse, rat

應用 Western blot, Western blotting (0.5-4 µg/ml). However, the optimal concentrations should be determined individually. The antibody recognizes over 100 kDa band corresponding to NIF-1 in samples from human origin. Reactivity to other species has not been tested.

 β-actin肌動蛋白抗體 | 細胞質標誌 ( Cytoplasmic marker ) loading control多株抗體 | 貨號3598R-100 

細胞質標誌 ( Cytoplasmic marker ). β-Actin是一種存在所有真核細胞 ( 線蟲精子例外 ) 中球形蛋白質，最高度保留 ( conserved ) 蛋白之一. 肌動蛋白是在所有真核細胞中表達，並且是細胞骨架的主要成分。至少六種類型的肌動蛋白的存在於哺乳動物組織中，並分成三類。阿爾法動蛋白Alpha actin的表達被限制在各種類型的肌肉和它調節contactile電位為肌細胞，而β和γ肌動蛋白，也被稱為細胞質肌動蛋白，在非肌肉細胞中表達，控制細胞結構和運動性。

物種來源: mouse 單株抗體monoclonal 同型對照組Isotype: Mouse IgG2b 免疫來源β-Actin N-terminal peptide-KLH conjugates.

物種反應: Species Reactivity: Human, mouse, rat, rabbit, and chicken Application: Western blot應用 Western blot: ~1:1000 – 1:5000. 1 mg/ml Concentration: 1 mg/ml 

 Tubulin多株抗體 | Tubulin Antibody loading control | 3708-100規格100ug

Tubulin是一種細胞質標誌 ( Cytoplasmic marker )蛋白，為結構蛋白微管 ( Microtubules )的成分. 高度保留 ( highly conserved ) 的蛋白質。微管( Microtubules )是一種細胞骨架。球狀微管蛋白亞單位是微管和α和β微管蛋白異源二聚體形式的微管蛋白亞單位，存在於所有真核細胞中，α、β & γ tubulins 常被使用為 loading control，參與許多細胞的運動。

物種來源: Rabbit 多株抗體Polyclonal 同型對照組Isotype: Rabbit IgG

免疫來源 Synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminus of human β-Tubulin

物種反應: human, mouse, rat

應用 Western blot, Western blotting (0.5-4 µg/ml). However, the optimal concentrations should be determined individually. HeLa cell or Jurkat cell lysate can be used as a positive control. The antibody recognizes 55 kDa β-tubulin in samples of human, mouse, and rat origins. Reactivity to other species has not been determined. Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml

 VDAC/Porin多株抗體 | VDAC/Porin Antibody loading control | 3594-100規格100ug

粒線體標誌 ( Mitochondrial marker )。電壓依賴性陰離子通道（VDAC或線粒體孔蛋白）I是外膜線粒體蛋白。VDAC蛋白是以通過該腺嘌呤核苷酸通過線粒體外膜主要的孔。Immunogen: Synthetic peptide surrounding amino acid 189 of human VDAC

物種來源: Rabbit 多株抗體Polyclonal 同型對照組Isotype: Rabbit IgG

免疫來源 Synthetic peptide surrounding amino acid 189 of human VDAC

物種反應: human, mouse, rat, bovine, rabbit

應用 Western blot, Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting (0.5-4 µg/ml) and Immunohistochemistry (2.5 µg/ml). However, the optimal concentrations should be determined individually. The antibody recognizes ~31 kDa VDAC/Porin from samples of human, mouse, rat, bovine, pig, and rabbit origins. Concentration: 0.5 mg/ml

 Histone H3 Antibody多株抗體 | Histone H3 Antibody loading control | 3623-100規格100ug

抗體介紹: 核小體是由四個核心組蛋白（H2A，H2B，H3和H4）的和是染色質的主要組成部分。核心組蛋白的N末端尾部在細胞接受訊息刺激後，經由轉錄後修飾，包括乙酰化，磷酸化和甲基化。並直接影響基因表達。

物種來源: Rabbit 多株抗體Polyclonal 同型對照組Isotype: Rabbit IgG

免疫來源 Synthetic peptide near the C-terminus of human Histone H3

物種反應: human, mouse, rat

應用 Western blot, Immunohistochemistry Application & Usage: Western blotting (0.5-4 µg/ml)and Immunohistochemistry (20 µg/ml). However, the optimal conditions should be determined individually. The antibody detects 17-20 kDa histone H3 protein. It does not cross-react with other histones.

Catalog #	loading control單多株抗體	Size
3662-100	Beta-Actin Antibody	100 µg
3850-100	Beta-Actin Antibody	100 µg
3638-100	Cox-4 Antibody	100 µg
3777-100	GAPDH Antibody	100 µl
3623-100	Histone H3 Antibody	100 µg
3708-100	Tubulin Antibody	100 µg
3594-100	VDAC/Porin Antibody	100 µg

Primary and Secondary Antibodies一級抗體與二級抗體 | Phospho-specific Antibodies磷酸化抗體 | Tag/Marker/Loading Control Antibodies | IHC/ChIP/WB/ELISA Tested Antibodies