(技術資料) Spectrum透析膜與化學溶液相溶性比較表
特點
Spectrum透析膜與化學溶液相溶性比較表
透析膜需選擇之項目 (透析膜材質、分子量、FW平寬)
- 透析膜材質 / CE膜或RC膜選擇| 請先參閱 Spectrum透析膜與化學溶液相溶性比較表
- 選擇透析膜MWCO大小＝欲保留分子量大小÷3。例如欲保留50KD以上物質，可選擇MWCO 20KD的透析膜。
- FW平寬。透析膜平寬（FW）若為16 mm，體積／長度比為79 ml/cm。
透析之原理介紹 | 如何選擇適合的分子量
利用分子會從高濃度擴散到低濃度，將待透析液放在具分子大小選擇性的透析膜中，進行物質交換。此時大分子的溶質會被保留，而小分子溶質會通過透析膜移除，最終達到去除的效果。一般而言，常規的透析需要進行2天的時間，才能達到透析的目的。而擴散係數(diffusion coefficients)、pH、溫度、時間、物質濃度、溶液體積、緩衝液體積，緩衝液更換次數、透析膜表面積、透析膜厚度，攪拌等因素都會影響到透析的效率。
MWCO是甚麼？
Molecular Weight Cut Off（MWCO）載留分子量是評估透析膜孔洞大小的單位。MWCO被定義為經過17小時透析後，保留90%以上的分子量大小。
選擇透析膜MWCO大小＝欲保留分子量大小÷3。例如欲保留50KD以上物質，可選擇MWCO 20KD的透析膜。
如何進行透析：
將待透析品放入透析膜後，置入100X體積之緩衝液後開始進行透析。透析中至少進行三次緩衝液的換置，操作時間至少為16－24小時：
- 第一次：透析進行2－3小時後。
- 第一次：透析進行4－5小時後。
- 最後一次：overnight之前。
透析膜需要前處理嗎?
- Biotech RC、CE、與PVDF透析膜使用DI水清洗15－30分鐘（移除保存液sodium azide殘留）。
- Spectra/Por® 7 Standard RC透析膜已經過重金屬與硫化物去除的處理，只需要浸泡在DI水中15－30分鐘即可（移除保存液sodium azide殘留）。
- Spectra/Por 1－6 Standard RC透析膜，針對不同需求會有額外的處理手續。一般而言，可使用水清潔移除Spectra/Por 1－6 Standard RC透析膜中甘油的殘留。
CE膜或RC膜選擇 | 請先參閱Spectrum透析膜與化學溶液相溶性比較表
Spectrum透析膜與化學溶液相溶性
Spectrum致力於生產透析、過濾、濃縮產品，已有40多年歷史，為全球最大透析商品供應商。無論是使用Hollow Fiber filter進行細胞、蛋白、病毒的過濾濃縮，或是小分子的透析移除，都有相對應的工具設備可使用。以下為不同材質之透析膜 CE (Cellulose Ester, CE) ME (Mixed Cellulose, ME) RC (Regenerated Cellulose, RC) PES (Polysulfone, PS) PES (Polyethersulfone, PES) PP (Polypropylene, PP) PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF)於不同溶液之建議使用表。
R=Recommended建議使用 | L=Limited Exposure限制擴散 | NR=Not Recommended不建議使用 | U=Unknown
Spectrum透析膜與化學溶液相溶性比較表
| Fluorocarbon (F) | |||||||||
| Polyester (P) |  |
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| Stainless Steel (SS) | |
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| Nylon (N) | |
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| Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) | |
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| Polypropylene (PP) | |
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| Polysulfone (PS) / Polyethersulfone (PES) / Modified PES (mPES) | |
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| Regenerated Cellulose (RC) | |
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| Cellulose Ester (CE) / Mixed Cellulose (ME) | |
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| Acetic acid (diluted-5%) | L | R | R | R | R | NR | L | L | R |
| Acetic acid (med conc-25%) | NR | R | L | R | R | NR | L | NR | R |
| Acetic acid (glacial) | NR | R | NR | R | R | L | L | NR | R |
| Acetone | NR | R | NR | R | L | R | R | R | R |
| Acetonitrile | NR | R | NR | R | L | U | U | U | U |
| Alconox (1%) | U | U | R | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| Ammonium hydroxide (diluted) | NR | R | R | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Ammonium hydroxide (med conc) | NR | L | R | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Amyl acetate | NR | R | NR | R | R | L | R | L | R |
| Amyl alcohol | L | R | L | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Aniline | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Benzene | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Benzyl alcohol | NR | R | NR | R | L | U | L | NR | R |
| Boric acid | R | R | R | R | R | L | L | R | R |
| Brine | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Bromoform | NR | R | NR | R | R | U | U | U | U |
| Butyl acetate | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Butyl alcohol | L | R | R | R | R | L | R | R | U |
| Butyl cellosolve | NR | L | NR | U | R | U | U | U | U |
| Butylaldehyde | NR | R | NR | R | R | U | U | U | R |
| Carbon tetrachloride | NR | R | NR | R | R | NR | L | R | U |
| Cellosolve | NR | L | R | R | R | U | U | U | R |
| Chloroacetic acid | NR | R | NR | R | R | NR | L | U | R |
| Chloroform | L | R | NR | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Chromic acid | NR | NR | NR | L | R | NR | L | U | U |
| Citric acid (2%) | U | U | R | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| Cresol | NR | R | NR | R | NR | NR | R | U | R |
| Cyclohexane | L | R | L | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Cyclohexanone | NR | R | NR | R | L | R | R | R | R |
| Diacetone alcohol | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | L | U | R |
| Dichloromethane | L | R | L | R | R | L | L | NR | R |
| Dimethyl formamide | NR | L | NR | R | NR | R | R | NR | U |
| Dimethylsulfoxide (50%) | U | U | L | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| 1,4 Dioxane | NR | L | L | R | R | U | U | R | R |
| Ethers | NR | R | NR | L | L | R | R | NR | R |
| Ethyl acetate | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | L | U | R |
| Ethyl Alcohol | L | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Ethyl alcohol (15%) | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Ethyl alcohol (95%) | L | R | L | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Ethylene dichloride | NR | R | NR | L | R | R | L | U | R |
| Ethylene glycol | L | R | R | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Ethylene oxide | NR | L | R | R | R | R | L | U | R |
| Formaldehyde (2%) | L | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Formaldehyde (30%) | L | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Formic acid (25%) | NR | R | R | R | R | NR | L | NR | R |
| Formic Acid (50%) | NR | R | R | R | R | NR | L | NR | R |
| Freon® | R | R | R | R | R | NR | R | R | R |
| Gasoline | R | R | L | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Glycerine / Glycerol | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Hexane | R | R | R | R | R | L | R | R | R |
| Hexanol | L | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Hydrochloric acid (diluted-5%) | R | R | R | R | R | L | NR | R | R |
| Hydrochloric acid (conc-25%) | NR | NR | R | R | R | NR | NR | R | R |
| Hydrochloric acid (conc-37%) | NR | NR | R | L | R | NR | NR | R | R |
| Hydrofluoric acid (25%) | NR | L | L | NR | R | L | NR | NR | R |
| Hydrogen peroxide (30%) | R | R | L | R | R | NR | L | R | R |
| Iodine solutions | NR | NR | NR | R | R | L | NR | U | R |
| Isobutyl alcohol | R | R | R | R | R | NR | R | U | R |
| Isopropanol | L | R | R | R | R | NR | L | R | R |
| Isopropyl acetate | NR | R | NR | R | R | L | L | R | R |
| Isopropyl alcohol / Isopropanol | L | R | R | R | R | NR | L | R | R |
| Isopropyl ether | L | R | R | L | R | R | R | U | R |
| Jet Fuel 640A | R | R | R | R | R | L | R | U | R |
| Kerosene | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | L | R |
| Lactic acid | R | R | R | R | R | L | L | R | R |
| Methyl acetate | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | R | L | R |
| Methyl alcohol | L | R | R | R | R | L | R | U | R |
| Methyl alcohol (98%) | L | R | L | R | R | L | R | U | R |
| Methyl cellosolve | L | L | R | R | R | L | L | U | R |
| Methyl chloride | NR | R | NR | R | L | L | R | U | R |
| Methyl ethyl ketone | NR | R | NR | R | L | R | R | U | R |
| Methyl formate | NR | L | NR | R | R | U | U | U | U |
| Methyl isobutyl ketone | NR | R | NR | R | L | L | L | R | R |
| Methylene chloride | L | R | NR | R | R | L | L | NR | R |
| N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone | NR | R | NR | R | R | U | L | U | U |
| Mineral spirits | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Monochlorobenzene | L | R | NR | L | R | U | U | U | U |
| NALCON 7647 (<1%) | U | U | R | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| NALCON 7678 (<1%) | U | U | R | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| NALCON 7330 (<1%) | U | U | R | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| Nitric acid (diluted-5%) | L | R | R | R | NR | NR | R | R | R |
| Nitric acid (med conc-25%) | NR | NR | R | R | NR | NR | R | L | R |
| Nitric acid (6N) | NR | NR | L | L | R | NR | R | R | R |
| Nitric acid (conc-70%) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | R | NR | R |
| Nitric acid (concentrated) | NR | NR | L | NR | L | NR | R | NR | R |
| Nitrobenzene | NR | L | NR | NR | R | L | L | NR | R |
| Nitropropane | NR | L | NR | L | R | U | U | U | U |
| Oils, mineral | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Pentane | R | R | R | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Peracetic acid (0.1N) | U | U | R | U | U | U | U | U | U |
| Perchloric acid (25%) | NR | L | NR | NR | R | NR | L | U | R |
| Perchloroethylene | NR | R | NR | L | R | L | L | U | R |
| Petroleum based oils | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Petroleum ether | R | R | R | R | R | U | U | R | U |
| Phenol (0.5%) | R | R | R | R | R | NR | L | L | R |
| Phenol (10%) | NR | R | L | R | R | NR | L | NR | R |
| Phosphoric acid (25%) | NR | L | L | R | R | L | NR | U | R |
| Potassium hydroxide (1N) | L | R | R | R | R | L | L | R | R |
| Potassium hydroxide (25%) | NR | R | R | R | R | L | L | R | R |
| Potassium hydroxide (50%) | NR | NR | R | R | R | L | L | L | R |
| Propanol | R | R | R | R | R | NR | R | R | R |
| Pyridine | NR | R | NR | R | L | L | R | NR | R |
| Silicone oil | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Sodium hydroxide (0.1N) | L | R | R | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Sodium hydroxide (diluted-5%) | NR | L | R | R | R | R | L | L | R |
| Sodium hydroxide (25%) | NR | L | R | R | R | R | L | NR | R |
| Sodium hydroxide (conc-50%) | NR | NR | R | R | R | R | L | NR | R |
| Sodium Hydroxide (conc) | NR | NR | R | R | R | L | L | NR | R |
| Sodium hypochlorite | R | R | R | L | R | NR | NR | U | R |
| Sulfuric acid (diluted-5%) | L | R | R | R | R | L | NR | NR | R |
| Sulfuric acid (med conc-25%) | NR | L | R | R | R | NR | NR | NR | R |
| Sulfuric acid (6N) | NR | L | R | R | R | NR | NR | NR | R |
| Sulfuric Acid (conc) | NR | NR | L | NR | L | NR | NR | NR | R |
| Tetrahydrofuran | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Toluene | R | R | NR | R | R | R | R | U | R |
| Trichloroacetic acid (25%) | NR | NR | R | R | R | L | NR | NR | R |
| Trichlorobenzene | NR | R | NR | R | R | U | U | U | U |
| Trichloroethane | L | R | L | R | R | L | L | L | R |
| Trichloroethylene | R | R | R | R | NR | L | L | R | R |
| Triethylamine | NR | R | NR | L | R | R | R | U | R |
| Turpentine | NR | R | NR | R | R | L | R | U | R |
| Urea | R | R | R | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Urea (6N) | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | L | R | R |
| Water | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| Xylene | NR | R | NR | R | R | R | L | NR | R |
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| Cellulose Ester (CE) / Mixed Cellulose (ME) | |||||||||
| Regenerated Cellulose (RC) | |||||||||
| Polysulfone (PS) / Polyethersulfone (PES) / Modified PES (mPES) | |||||||||
| Polypropylene (PP) | |||||||||
| Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) | |||||||||
| Nylon (N) | |||||||||
| Stainless Steel (SS) | |||||||||
| Polyester (P) | |||||||||
| Fluorocarbon (F) | |||||||||
